Research

The Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center is home to world-class wildlife and environmental research. Since 1976, The Center has provided a pristine coastal research field site for South Carolina Department of Natural Resources employees and visiting researchers. Tom Yawkey was deeply dedicated to protecting and conserving wildlife and their natural habitats. As an avid outdoorsman and a self-taught ornithologist, Tom spent countless hours researching land management techniques. Over time, Tom hired professional wildlife biologists to develop the property’s research capabilities and educational impact. The Center has a strong and multifaceted partnership with Clemson University’s Brauch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest. To date, The Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center staff have authored over 150 scientific publications spanning topics such as the American alligator, shore birds, botany, impoundments, and sea turtles. We welcome you to explore the publications using the links below.

Quick links:

• American Alligator
• Aquatic
• Birds
• Botany
• Fire
• Geology
• Herpetology
• History
• Impoundments
• Mammals
• Sea Turtles
• Shorebirds
• White-tailed Deer
• Wildlife Diseases

American Alligator

1. Progress report: Nesting Ecology of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1982. Progress report: Nesting Ecology of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

2. Size at sexual maturity and seasonality of male alligators in South Carolina

• Murphy, T.M. and J.W. Coker. 1982. Size at sexual maturity and seasonality of male alligators in South Carolina. Internal: American alligator population studies in South Carolina. South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

3. Night spotlight counts of alligators in South Carolina

• Murphy, T.M. and J.W. Coker. 1983. Night spotlight counts of alligators in South Carolina. Internal: American alligator population studies in South Carolina, South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

4. Nesting ecology of the American alligator in coastal South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1983. Nesting ecology of the American alligator in coastal South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

5. Nesting habitat of American alligators in coastal South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. and W.E. Rhodes. 1992. Nesting habitat of American alligators in coastal South Carolina. Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Corpus Christi, Texas: 46:260-265.

6. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Alligator Research Project

• Rhodes, W.E. and P.M. Wilkinson. 1994. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Alligator Research Project. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

7. Alligator night-light surveys of impoundment habitat in coastal South Carolina- a preliminary validation

• Rhodes, W.E. and P.M. Wilkinson. 1994. Alligator night-light surveys of impoundment habitat in coastal South Carolina- a preliminary validation. Proceedings of the 12th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission, Pattaya, Thailand. IUCN. Publ. N.S. Gland, Switzerland Vol. 2:66-73.

8. Growth rates of American alligators in coastal South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. and W.E. Rhodes. 1996. Growth rates of American alligators in coastal South Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:397-402.

9. Hind-foot track length: a method for determining the size of the American alligator

• Wilkinson, P.M. and K.G. Rice. 1996. Hind-foot track length: a method for determining the size of the American alligator. Proceedings of the 13th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission. IUCN. Publ. N.S. Gland, Switzerland.

10. Length mass relationships in crocodilians

• Wilkinson, P.M., A. Abercrombie, and C. Hope. 1997. Length mass relationships in crocodilians. Proceedings of the 4th Regional Group Meeting of Crocodile Specialists of Latin America and the Caribbean. GEC/IUCN Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico.

11. American alligators growth: determinate or indeterminate?

• Wilkinson, P.M. 2008. American alligators growth: determinate or indeterminate? Proceedings of the 19th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission. IUCN. Publ. N.S. Gland, Switzerland: 182-187.

12. Age structure and long term site fidelity of nesting American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in coastal South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M., C.C. Wilkinson, A.R. Woodward, T.R. Rainwater. 2010. Age structure and long term site fidelity of nesting American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in coastal South Carolina, USA: a progress report. Proceedings of the 20th Working Meeting of the Crocodile Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission. IUCN. Publ. N.S. Gland, Switzerland: 144-155.

13. Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on DNA methylation in Alligator mississippiensis

• Parrott, B.B., J.A. Bowden, S. Kohno, J.A. Cloy-McCoy, M.D. Hale, J.T. Bangma, T.R. Rainwater, P.M. Wilkinson. J.R. Kucklick, and J. Guillette Jr. 2014. Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on DNA methylation in Alligator mississippiensis. Reproduction 147: 503-513.

14. Determinate growth and reproductive lifespan in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): evidence from long-term recaptures

• Wilkinson, P.M., T.R. Rainwater, A.R. Woodward, E.H. Leone, and C. Carter. 2016. Determinate growth and reproductive lifespan in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): evidence from long-term recaptures. Copeia 4:843-852.

15. Perfluorinated alkyl acids in plasma of American alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from Florida and South Carolina

• Bangma, J.T., J.A. Bowden, A.M. Brunell, I. Christie, B. Finnell, M.P. Guillette, M. Jones, R.H. Lowers, T.R. Rainwater, J.L. Reiner, P.M. Wilkinson, L.J. Guillette Jr. 2017. Perfluorinated alkyl acids in plasma of American alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from Florida and South Carolina. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36:917-925.

16. AHR and CYP1A expression link historical contamination events to modern day developmental effects in the American alligator

• Hale, M.D., T.M. Galligan, T.R. Rainwater, B.C. Moor, P.M. Wilkinson, L.J. Guillette, and B.B. Parrott. 2017. AHR and CYP1A expression link historical contamination events to modern day developmental effects in the American alligator. Environmental Pollution 230: 1050-1061.

17. Nesting distribution and nest site selection of American alligator in coastal marshes of South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1986. Nesting distribution and nest site selection of American alligator in coastal marshes of South Carolina. Proceedings of the 1986 Freshwater Wetlands and Wildlife Symposium, Charleston South Carolina.

18. Incubation history prior to the canonical thermosensitive period determines sex in the American alligator

• McCoy, J.A., B.B. Parrott, T.R. Rainwater, P.M. Wilkinson, and L.J. Guillette Jr. 2015. Incubation history prior to the canonical thermosensitive period determines sex in the American alligator. Reproduction 150:279-287.

19. Gator growth and reproduction, a long and fruitful life

• Wilkinson, P.M., T.R. Rainwater, A. Woodward, C. Carter, and E. Leone. 2017. Gator growth and reproduction, a long and fruitful life. Natural History 10-13.

20. Polychlorinated biphenyl occurrence in American alligators (Alligator mississsippiensis) from Louisiana and South Carolina

• Cobb, G.P., P.D. Houlis, T.A. Bargar. 2002. Polychlorinated biphenyl occurrence in American alligators (Alligator mississsippiensis) from Louisiana and South Carolina. Environmental Pollution 118:1-4.

21. Alligator consumption of northern shoveler

• Elsey, R.M., M. Miller, D. Lejeune, K. Reed, N. Latiolais, M. McAlister, J. Dozier, P.M. Wilkinson, T.R. Rainwater. 2018. Alligator consumption of northern shoveler. Herpetological Review 49:737-738.

22. Examining toxic trace element exposure in American alligators

• Nilson, F.M, J.A. Bowden, T.R. Rainwater, A.M. Brunell, B.L. Kassim, P.M. Wilkinson, L.J. Guillette Jr., S.E. Long, and T.B. Schock. 2019. Examining toxic trace element exposure in American alligators. Environment International 128:324-334.

23. Reducing uncertainties in conservation decision-making for American alligators

• Lawson, A. 2019. Reducing uncertainties in conservation decision-making for American alligators. Dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

24. The mating dynamics and population genetics of the American alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis)

• Zajdel, J. 2019. The mating dynamics and population genetics of the American alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis). Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.

25. Mating dynamics and multiple paternity in a long-lived vertebrate

• Zajdel, J., S.L. lance, T.R. Rainwater, P.M. Wilkinson, M.D. Hale, B.B. Parrott. 2019. Mating dynamics and multiple paternity in a long-lived vertebrate. Ecology and Evolution 9:10109-10121.

26. Humoral immune responses to select bacterial pathogens in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis

• Alston, B.M. 2019. Humoral immune responses to select bacterial pathogens in the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

27. Examining maternal and environmental transfer of mercury into American alligator eggs

• Nilsen, F.M., T.R. Rainwater, P.M. Wilkinson, A.M. Brunell, R.H. Lowers, J.A. Bowden, L.J. Guillette, S.E. Long, and T.B. Schock. Examining maternal and environmental transfer of mercury into American alligator eggs 2020. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 189:—-.

28. Nonlinear patterns in mercury bioaccumulation in American alligators are a function of predicted age

• Lawson, A.J., C.T. Moore, T.R. Rainwater, F.M. Nilsen, P.M. Wilkinson, R.H. Lowers, L.J. Guillette Jr., K.W. McFadden, and P.G.R. Jodice. 2020. Nonlinear patterns in mercury bioaccumulation in American alligators are a function of predicted age. Science of the Total Environment 707:—-.

29. Spatial and temporal variation in nest temperatures forecasts sex ratio skews in a crocodilian with environmental sex determination

• Bock, S.L., R.H. Lowers, T.R. Rainwater, E. Stolen, J.M. Drake, P.M. Wilkinson, S. Weiss, B. Back, L.J. Guillette Jr., and B.B. Parrott. 2020. Spatial and temporal variation in nest temperatures forecasts sex ratio skews in a crocodilian with environmental sex determination. Proceedings Royal Society B 287:1-10.

30. Post-transcriptional mechanisms respond rapidly to ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations during temperature-dependent sex determination

• Bock, S.L., M.D. Hale, F.M. Leri, P.M. Wilkinson, T.R. Rainwater, and B.B. Parrott. 2020. Post-transcriptional mechanisms respond rapidly to ecologically relevant thermal fluctuations during temperature-dependent sex determination. Integrative Organismal Biology 2:1-13.

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Aquatic

1. Seasonal recruitment of larval and juvenile fishes into impounded and non-impounded marshes

• McGovern, J.C. and C.A. Wenner. 1990. Seasonal recruitment of larval and juvenile fishes into impounded and non-impounded marshes. Wetlands 10:203-221.

2. Low-temperature tolerance of juvenile tarpon (Megalops atlanticus)

• Mace, M.M. III, E.R. Haffey, and M.E. Kimball. 2017. Low-temperature tolerance of juvenile tarpon (Megalops atlanticus). Environmental Biology of Fishes 100:913-922.

3. Recruitment and habitat use of early life stage tarpon (megalops atlanticus) in South Carolina estuaries

• Mace, M.M. III, M.E. Kimball, and E.R. Haffey. 2018. Recruitment and habitat use of early life stage tarpon (megalops atlanticus) in South Carolina estuaries. Estuaries and Coasts 41:841-854.

4. Impacts of human disturbance on ghost crab burrow morphology and distribution on sandy shores

• Gul, M.R. and B.D. Griffen. 2018. Impacts of human disturbance on ghost crab burrow morphology and distribution on sandy shores. PLOS one, 13(12), e0209977.

5. A reliable bioindicator of anthropogenic impact on the coast of South Carolina

• Gul, M.R. and B.D. Griffen. 2018. A reliable bioindicator of anthropogenic impact on the coast of South Carolina. Southeastern Naturalis 17:357-364.

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Birds

1. General notes- barn owl

• Pearson, G.T. 1908. General field notes: barn owl at Cat Island. The Chat 25:317.

2. Black rail nesting in South Carolina

• Nicholson, D.J. 1951. General field notes: Black rail nesting in South Carolina. The Chat 15:78.

3. Prey remains in barn owl pellets from a South Carolina barrier island

• Feldhamer, G.A., M.B. Epstein, and W.B. Taliaferro. 1987. Prey remains in barn owl pellets from a South Carolina barrier island. Georgia Journal of Science 45:148-151.

4. Marsh Bird Survey- Final Report

• Cely, J.E., D.P. Ferral, and B.A. Glover. 1993. Marsh Bird Survey- Final Report. Internal: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Georgetown, SC.

5. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Forest Bird Survey 1993-1994

• Cely, J.E. and B.A. Glover. 1997. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Forest Bird Survey 1993-1994. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Georgetown, SC.

6. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Annotated Checklist of Birds

• Glover, B.A. 1997. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center Annotated Checklist of Birds. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Georgetown, SC.

7. A reintroduction technique for migratory birds: leading Canada geese and islolation-reared sandhill cranes with ultralight aircraft

• Lishman, W.A., T.L. Teets, J.W. Duff, W.J.L. Sladen, G.G. Shire, K.M. Goolsby, W.A.B. Kerr, R.P. Urbanek. 1997. A reintroduction technique for migratory birds: leading Canada geese and islolation-reared sandhill cranes with ultralight aircraft. Proceedings of the 1997 North American Crane Workshop 7:96-104.

8. Hybridization between mottled ducks and mallards in Charleston and Georgetown counties, South Carolina

• Tiller, G.R. Jr. 2000. Hybridization between mottled ducks and mallards in Charleston and Georgetown counties, South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

9. Monitoring of incubation patterns of ospreys and bald eagles using data loggers to record temperatures in the nest

• Murphy, T.M. and C.P. Hope. 2001. Monitoring of incubation patterns of ospreys and bald eagles using data loggers to record temperatures in the nest. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

10. Seaside sparrow population genetics project (INCOMPLETE)

• Hill, C.E. 2001. Seaside sparrow population genetics project. Coastal Carolina University, Conway, USA.

11. Teaching migration routes to Canada geese and trumpeter swans using ultralight aircraft, 1990-2001

• Sladen, W.J.L., W.A. Lishman, D.H. Ellis, G.G. Shire, and D.L. Rininger. 2002. Teaching migration routes to Canada geese and trumpeter swans using ultralight aircraft, 1990-2001. Proceedings of the Fourth International Swan Symposium 2001 4:132-137.

12. Black-bellied whistling-duck nest in the Santee Delta-Winyah Bay area of South Carolina

• Dozier, J. H. 2012. Black-bellied whistling-duck nest in the Santee Delta-Winyah Bay area of South Carolina. The Chat 76:16-18.

13. MacGillivray’s seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus MacGillivraii) breeding biology and population density at Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center

• Laskaris, Y. P. 2016. MacGillivray’s seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus MacGillivraii) breeding biology and population density at Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center. Thesis, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, USA.

14. Coastal waterfowl management in Georgetown County, South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1967. Coastal Waterfowl Management in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Invited talk, Georgetown, SC.

15. A study of the population status, reproductive parameters, and habitat requirements of the mottled duck in South Carolina

• Strange, T. and P.M. Wilkinson. 1983. A study of the population status, reproductive parameters, and habitat requirements of the mottled duck in South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

16. Survey and census of colonial nesting seabirds in South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1997. Survey and census of colonial nesting seabirds in South Carolina. The Chat 61:233-259.

17. Attack and probable predation on ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) by red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus)

• McCullough, K.L., T.R. Rainwater, M.A. McAlister, J. Dozier, and S.G. Platt. 2019. 17. Attack and probable predation on ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) by red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus). The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 131:399-402.

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Botany

1. The natural communities of South Carolina- initial classification and description

• Nelson, J.B. 1986. The natural communities of South Carolina- initial classification and description. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department.

2. Floristic inventory and post-Hugo habitat monitoring at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, Georgetown, South Carolina

• Nelson, J.B. 1993. Floristic inventory and post-Hugo habitat monitoring at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, Georgetown, South Carolina. Internal: University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

3. Noteworthy Collections- Leptochloa fascicularis

• Nelson, J.B. 1997. Noteworthy Collections- Leptochloa fascicularis pps:286. Castanea 62:283-288.

4. A new hedge-nettle (Stachys: Lamiaceae) From South Carolina, USA

• Nelson, J.B. and D.A. Rayner. 2014. A new hedge-nettle (Stachys: Lamiaceae) From South Carolina, USA. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8:431-440.

5. Population dynamics of a recently described and rare plant species: Stachy Caroliniana (Lamiaceae)

• Moody, S. 2017. Population dynamics of a recently described and rare plant species: Stachy Caroliniana (Lamiaceae). Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

6. Some local names of plants

• McAter, W.L. 1916. Some local names of plants. Torreya 16:235-240.

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Fire

1. Frequent prescribed burning as a long-term practice in longleaf pine forests does not affect detrital chemical composition

• Coates, T.A., A.T. Chow, D.L. Hagan, G.G. Wang, W.C. Bridges Jr., and J.H. Dozier. 2017. Frequent prescribed burning as a long-term practice in longleaf pine forests does not affect detrital chemical composition. Journal of Environmental Quality 46:1020-1027.

2. Thermocouple probe orientation affects prescribed fire behavior estimation

• Coates, T.A., A.T. Chow, D.L. Hagan, T.A. Waldrop, G.G. Wang, W.C. Bridges Jr., Marky-Frances Rogers, and J.H. Dozier. 2017. Thermocouple probe orientation affects prescribed fire behavior estimation. Journal of Environmental Quality 47:170-176.

3. Forest management in coastal pine forests: an investigation of prescribed fire behavior detrital chemical composition, and potential water quality impacts

• Coates, T.A. 2017. Forest management in coastal pine forests: an investigation of prescribed fire behavior detrital chemical composition, and potential water quality impacts. Dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

4. Mineral soil chemical properties as influenced by long-term use of prescribed fire with differing frequencies in a southeastern coastal plain pine forest

• Coates, T.A., D. L. Hagan, W. M. Aust, A. Johnson, J. C. Keen, A. T. Chow, J. H. Dozier. 2018. Mineral soil chemical properties as influenced by long-term use of prescribed fire with differing frequencies in a southeastern coastal plain pine forest. Forests 9:1-14.

5. Effect of controlled burns on the bacterial communities composition over time at four sites in the Yawkey forest on Cat Island in Georgetown, S.C.

• Pepple, R.T. 2018. Effect of controlled burns on the bacterial communities composition over time at four sites in the Yawkey forest on Cat Island in Georgetown, S.C. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

6. Effect of prescribed forest fire on water quality and aquatic biota in the southeastern United States.

• Zhang, W. 2017. Effect of prescribed forest fire on water quality and aquatic biota in the southeastern United States. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

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Geology

1. A reconnaissance of the structure and dynamics of the Winyah Bay Ecosystem

• The Conservation Foundation. 1980. A reconnaissance of the structure and dynamics of the Winyah Bay Ecosystem. Internal: The Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C., USA.

2. Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Santee River Delta, South Carolina

• Eckard, T.L. 1986. Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Santee River Delta, South Carolina. Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

3. Characterization of wave and current energy levels in estuarine waters for ecological and particular dispersion studies: Winyah Bay, South Carolina

• Simmons, G. 2012. Characterization of wave and current energy levels in estuarine waters for ecological and particular dispersion studies: Winyah Bay, South Carolina. Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

4. Yawkey living shorelines project

• McColl, D., J. Brown, and A. Sweatt. 2012. Yawkey living shorelines project. Internal: The Nature Conservancy, Charleston, SC.

5. Millennial scale development of a southeastern United States spit

• Wright, E., S. Kruse, S.L. Forman, and M.S. Harris. 2018. Millennial scale development of a southeastern United States spit. Journal of Coastal Research 34:255-271.

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Herpetology

1.Herpetological survey of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center 2003-2005

• Dillman, J.W. 2006. Herpetological survey of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center 2003-2005. Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

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History

1. Storm Towers of the Santee Delta

• Bull, E.B. 1980. Storm Towers of the Santee Delta. The South Carolina Historical Magazine 81:95-101.

2. From Rice Plantations to Baseball Diamonds: The History of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in Georgetown county South Carolina

• Giauque, C., J. Betsworth, and L. Durbetaki. 2010. From Rice Plantations to Baseball Diamonds: The History of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center in Georgetown county South Carolina. Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

3. Ethnohistorical archaeology: Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center and the Hume Slave Street Research Project

• Moses, S.K. 2011. Ethnohistorical archaeology: Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center and the Hume Slave Street Research Project. South Carolina Antiquities 43:81-82.

4. Preliminary Report 2011- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439)

• Moses, S.K. 2011. Preliminary Report 2011- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439). Internal: Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC.

5. Preliminary Report 2012- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439)

• Moses, S.K. 2012. Preliminary Report 2012- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439). Internal: Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC.

6. Forbidden finds on a Georgetown SC Slave Street

• DeCaro, A. 2012. Forbidden finds on a Georgetown SC Slave Street. Proceedings 69th Annual Meeting of the South Eastern Archeologist Convention, Baton Rouge, LA.

7. Preliminary Report 2013- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439)

• Moses, S.K. 2013. Preliminary Report 2013- Hume Plantation slave street (Site #38GE439). Internal: Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC

8. Enslaved African conjure and ritual deposits on the Hume Plantation, South Carolina

• Moses, S.K. 2018. Enslaved African conjure and ritual deposits on the Hume Plantation, South Carolina. North American Archaeologist –:1-34.

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Impoundments

1. Vegetative succession in newly controlled marshes

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1970. Vegetative succession in newly controlled marshes. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Columbia, SC.

2. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, gulf coast muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments

• Swidepek, P.K. 1982. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, gulf coast muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments. Thesis, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.

3. Marine blue-green algae of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center’s Impoundments

• Shealy, R.L. 1982. Marine blue-green algae of the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center’s Impoundments. Report.

4. Aquatic productivity and tidal nutrient exchanges in coastal wetland impoundments of South Carolina

• McKellar, H.N. and W.D. Marshall. 1985. Aquatic productivity and tidal nutrient exchanges in coastal wetland impoundments of South Carolina. Proceedings of the Fourth Coastal Marsh and Estuary Management Symposium 4:85-102.

5. Microzooplankton abundance in coastal wetland impoundments and a marsh creek in South Carolina: the wider dimensions of management uncertainty in coastal wetlands

• Taniguchi, A.K. 1984. Microzooplankton abundance in coastal wetland impoundments and a marsh creek in South Carolina: the wider dimensions of management uncertainty in coastal wetlands. Thesis, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA.

6. Waterfowl management in South Carolina’s coastal tidal marsh impoundments

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1985. Waterfowl management in South Carolina’s coastal tidal marsh impoundments. Proceedings of the 1985 Georgia Bight Coastal Impoundments Workshop, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

7. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, gulf coast muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments

• Swiderek, P.K., A.S. Johnson, P.E. Hale, and B. Joyner. 1985. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, gulf coast muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments. Proceedings of Waterfowl in winter symposium 1985, Galveston, TX.

8. Managed and open tidal marsh utilization by waterbirds: preliminary results

• Epstein, M.B. and R.L. Joyner. 1985. Managed and open tidal marsh utilization by waterbirds: preliminary results. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial International Estuarine Research Conference 39A:104.

9. Sedimentology and hydrogeology of coastal salt marsh impoundments: Yawkey Wildlife Center, South Carolina

• May. J.P. 1985. Sedimentology and hydrogeology of coastal salt marsh impoundments: Yawkey Wildlife Center, South Carolina. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial International Estuarine Research Conference 39A:97.

10. Multispecies use of brackish impoundments managed for waterfowl

• Epstein, M. and R. Joyner. 1985. Multispecies use of brackish impoundments managed for waterfowl. Proceedings of the First Combined Meeting of the Colonial Waterbird Group and the Pacific Seabird Group, San Francisco, CA, 1:27.

11. The occurrence of hypoxic and anoxic conditions in estuaries and coastal environments

• Schroeder, W.W. 1985. The occurrence of hypoxic and anoxic conditions in estuaries and coastal environments. Estuaries 8:43-47.

12. South Carolina’s managed wetlands their origin, their status, management and use

• Tompkins, M.E. 1985. South Carolina’s managed wetlands their origin, their status, management and use. Report- University of South Carolina.

13. Management innovations to enhance the use of impoundments by estuarine transient species

• Wilkinson, P.M. 1987. Management innovations to enhance the use of impoundments by estuarine transient species. Proceedings of the Coastal Wetland Impoundments Management Implications Work Shop.

14. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use

• Devoe, M.R. and D.S. Baughman. 1986. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use. Vol. III: Technical Synthesis. Publication No. SC-SG-TR.82-2. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, S.C.

15. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use

• Devoe, M.R. and D.S. Baughman. 1986. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use. Vol. II: Technical Synthesis. Publication No. SC-SG-TR.82-2. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, S.C.

16. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use

• Devoe, M.R. and D.S. Baughman. 1986. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use. Vol. I: Technical Synthesis. Publication No. SC-SG-TR.82-2. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, S.C.

17. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use

• Devoe, M.R. and D.S. Baughman. 1986. South Carolina coastal wetland impoundments: ecological characterization, management, status, and use. Proceedings. Publication No. SC-SG-TR.82-2. South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, S.C.

18. Waterbird use of brackish wetlands managed for waterfowl

• Epstein, M.B. and R.L. Joyner. 1988. Waterbird use of brackish wetlands managed for waterfowl. Proceedings of the 1988 Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Hilton Head Island, SC: 42:476-490.

19. Macrobenthic communities from wetland impoundments and adjacent open marsh habitats in South Carolina

• Wenner, E.L. and H.R. Beatty. 1988. Macrobenthic communities from wetland impoundments and adjacent open marsh habitats in South Carolina. Estuaries 11:29-44.

20. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, Gulf Coast, muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments

• Swiderek, P.K., A.S. Johnson, P.E. Hale, and R.L. Joyner. 1988. Production, management, and waterfowl use of sea purslane, Gulf Coast, muskgrass, and widgeongrass in brackish impoundments. Waterfowl in Winter pps: 441-457.

21. Description of managed coastal wetland impoundments at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center and Santee Coastal Reserve

• Devoe, M.R. 1991. Description of managed coastal wetland impoundments at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center and Santee Coastal Reserve. Internal: The South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC.

22. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center managed wetlands

• Esparza-Webster, A. 1995. Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center managed wetlands. Report.

23. Managing brackish coastal wetland for increased biological diversity and abundance

• Dodd, M.G. and T.M. Murphy. 1999. Managing brackish coastal wetland for increased biological diversity and abundance. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

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Mammals

1. Ecology and impacts of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the southeastern United States

• Etheredge, C.R. 2013. Ecology and impacts of coyotes (Canis latrans) in the southeastern United States. Dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

2. Local-scale difference of coyote food habits on two South Carolina islands

• Etheredge, C.R., S.E. Wiggers, O.E. Souther, L.L. Langman, G. Yarrow, and J. Dozier. 2015. Local-scale difference of coyote food habits on two South Carolina islands. Southeastern Naturalist 14:281-292.

3. Some remarks on the genus sorex with a monograph of the North American species

• Bachman, J. 1834. Some remarks on the genus Sorex, with a monograph of the North American species. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7:362-402.

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Sea Turtles

1. Biotic and abiotic factors affecting nest mortality in the Atlantic loggerhead turtle

• Hopkins, S.R., T.M. Murphy, K.B. Stansell, and P.M. Wilkinson. 1978. Biotic and abiotic factors affecting nest mortality in the Atlantic loggerhead turtle. Proceedings of the 1978 Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Hot Springs, VA: 32:213-223.

2. Reproductive ecology of Caretta caretta in South Carolina

• Hopkins, S.R. and T.M. Murphy. 1981. Reproductive ecology of Caretta caretta in South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Columbia, SC.

3. Loggerhead Progress Report 1980-1981

• Loggerhead Progress Report 1980-1981. 1981. Internal: Progress Report, South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Columbia, SC.

4. Management of loggerhead turtle nesting beaches in South Carolina

• Hopkins, S.R. and T.M. Murphy. 1983. Management of loggerhead turtle nesting beaches in South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, Columbia, SC.

5. Homing of translocated gravid loggerhead turtles

• Murphy, T.M. and S.R. Murphy. 1990. Homing of translocated gravid loggerhead turtles. Proceedings of the 10th Annual Workshop on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, Hilton Head Island, SC 10:123-124.

6. A history of research and management of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) on the South Carolina coast

• Murphy, S.R., C.P. Hope, and M.E. Hoyle. 1999. A history of research and management of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) on the South Carolina coast. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

7. Population trends and nesting distribution of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in South Carolina 1980-1997

• Murphy, S.R., T.M. Murphy, C.P. Hope, J.W. Coker, and M.E. Hoyle. 2001. Population trends and nesting distribution of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) in South Carolina 1980-1997. Internal: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Columbia, SC.

8. Loggerhead turtle eggshells as a source of maternal nuclear genomic DNA for population genetic studies

• Shamblin, B.M., M.G. Dodd, K.L. Williams, M.G. Frick, R. Bells, and C.J. Nairn. 2010. Loggerhead turtle eggshells as a source of maternal nuclear genomic DNA for population genetic studies. Molecular Ecology Resources 11:110-115.

9. Best management practices for reducing coyote depredation on loggerhead sea turtles in South Carolina

• Eskew, T.S. 2012. Best management practices for reducing coyote depredation on loggerhead sea turtles in South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

10. Use of habanero pepper powder to reduce depredation of loggerhead sea turtle nests

• Lamaree-DeJesus, A.S. and C.R. Griffin. 2013. Use of habanero pepper powder to reduce depredation of loggerhead sea turtle nests. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 12:262-267.

11. Assessment of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest management tools in South Carolina

• Brig, C. 2014. Assessment of loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nest management tools in South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

12. Incubation temperature effects on hatchling performance in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)

• Fisher, L. 2012. Incubation temperature effects on hatchling performance in the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Thesis, College of Charleston, Charleston, USA.

13. Sex ratio of sea turtles: seasonal changes

• Mrosovsky, N., S.R. Hopkins-Murphy, J.I. Richardson. 1984. Sex Ration of Sea Turtles: Seasonal Changes. Science: 225:739-741.

14. The effect of tidal inundation on hatch success of logger head sea turtle on South Island, South Carolina

• Baxley, D. and L. Weber. 2000. The effect of tidal inundation on hatch success of logger head sea turtle on South Island, South Carolina. (Unpublished)

15. Hatchling fitness of loggerhead sea turtles from nests with different incubation durations

• Sanford, E. and L. Weber. 2001. Hatchling fitness of loggerhead sea turtles from nests with different incubation durations. (Unpublsihed)

16. A test of the use of timber wolf (Canis lupus) urine to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) depredation rates on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests

• Wauson, M. 2019. 2019. 16. A test of the use of timber wolf (Canis lupus) urine to reduce coyote (Canis latrans) depredation rates on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) nests. Thesis, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, USA.

17. Feral swine harming insular sea turtle reproduction: The origin, impacts, behavior and elimination of an invasive species

• Engeman, R.M., R.W. Byrd, J. Dozier, M.A. McAlister, J.O. Edens, E.M. Kierepka, T.J. Smyser, and N. Myers. 2019. Feral swine harming insular sea turtle reproduction: The origin, impacts, behavior and elimination of an invasive species. Acta Oecologica 99:1-8.

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Shorebirds

1. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference

• Johnson, D.H. 1980. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology 61:65-71.

2. Numbers and distribution of piping plovers wintering along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States

• Nicholls, J.L. 1989. Numbers and distribution of piping plovers wintering along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, USA.

3. The significance of the central coast of South Carolina as critical shorebird habitat

• Marsh, C.P. and P.M. Wilkinson. 1991. The significance of the central coast of South Carolina as critical shorebird habitat. The Chat 54:69-92.

4. Habitat associations of piping plovers wintering in the United States

• Nicholls, J.L. and G.A. Baldassarre. 1990. Habitat associations of piping plovers wintering in the United States. Wilson Bulletin 102:581-590.

5. Winter disturbance of piping plovers along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States

• Nicholls, J.L. and G.A. Baldassarre. 1990. Winter disturbance of piping plovers along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Wilson Bulletin 102:400-412.

6. Relative importance of impoundments to shorebirds on spring migration in South Carolina

• Weber, L.M. and S.M. Haig. 1992. Relative importance of impoundments to shorebirds on spring migration in South Carolina. Internal: Progress report, South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson, SC.

7. Behavioral patterns and nearest neighbor distances among nonbreeding American avocets

• Boettcher, R. and S.M. Haig. 1994. Behavioral patterns and nearest neighbor distances among nonbreeding American avocets. The Condor 96:973-986.

8. Community structure associated with shorebirds in South Carolina coastal soft-sediments

• Weber, L.M. and S.M. Haig. 1994. Community structure associated with shorebirds in South Carolina coastal soft-sediments. Internal: South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson, SC.

9. Foraging ecology and conservation of shorebirds in South Carolina coastal wetlands

• Weber, L.M. 1994. Foraging ecology and conservation of shorebirds in South Carolina coastal wetlands. Dissertation, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

10. Ecophysiology of shorebirds during winter and spring migration at South Island, South Carolina

• Lyons, J.E. 1994, Ecophysiology of shorebirds during winter and spring migration at South Island, South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

11. Winter ecology of American avocets in coastal South Carolina

• Boettcher, R. 1994. Winter ecology of American avocets in coastal South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

12. Estimation of lean and lipid mass in shorebirds using total-body electrical conductivity

• Lyons, J.E. and S.M. Haig. 1995. Estimation of lean and lipid mass in shorebirds using total-body electrical conductivity. The Auk 112:590-602.

13. Habitat-related factors affecting the distribution of nonbreeding American avocets in coastal South Carolina

• Boettcher, R. and S.M. Haig. 1995. Habitat-related factors affecting the distribution of nonbreeding American avocets in coastal South Carolina. The Condor 97:68-81.

14. Fat content and stopover ecology of spring migrant semipalmated sandpipers in South Carolina

• Lyons, J.E. and S.M. Haig. 1995. Fat content and stopover ecology of spring migrant semipalmated sandpipers in South Carolina. The Condor 97:427-437.

15. Relative importance of impoundments to shorebirds in coastal South Carolina

• Haig, S.M., L.M. Weber, J.E. Lyons, R. Boettcher. 1995. Relative importance of impoundments to shorebirds in coastal South Carolina. Internal: South Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Clemson, SC.

16. Shorebird use of South Carolina managed and natural coastal wetlands

• Weber, L.M. and S.M. Haig. 1996. Shorebird use of South Carolina managed and natural coastal wetlands. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:73-82.

17. Shorebird diet and size selection of nereid polychaetes in South Carolina coastal diked wetlands

• Weber, L.M. and S.M. Haig. 1996. Shorebird diet and size selection of nereid polychaetes in South Carolina coastal diked wetlands. Journal of Field Ornithology 68:358-366.

18. Shorebird-prey interactions in South Carolina coastal soft sediments

• Weber, L.M. and S.M. Haig. 1997. Shorebird-prey interactions in South Carolina coastal soft sediments. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:245-252.

19. Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) during the nonbreeding season: spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale

• Nebel, S., D.B. Lank, P.D. O’Hara, G. Fernandez, B. Haase, F. Delgado, F.A. Estela, L.J. Evans-Ogden, B. Harrington, B.E. Kus, J.E. Lyons, F. Mercier, B. Ortego, J.Y. Takekawa, N. Warnock, and S.E. Warnock. 2002. Western sandpipers (Calidris mauri) during the nonbreeding season: spatial segregation on a hemispheric scale. The Auk 119:922-928.

20. Verifying assumptions underlying shorebird conservation in the southeastern USA and the Caribbean

• Lyons, J.E. and J.A. Collazo. 2006. Verifying assumptions underlying shorebird conservation in the southeastern USA and the Caribbean. Internal: US Geological Survey and US Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD, USA.

21. Assessing effects of scale and habitat management on the residency and movement rates of migratory shorebirds at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, South Carolina

• Obernuefemann, K.P. 2007. Assessing effects of scale and habitat management on the residency and movement rates of migratory shorebirds at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center, South Carolina. Thesis, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA.

22. Nest-site selection of Wilson’s plovers (Charadrius wilsonia) in South Carolina

• Dikun, K.A. 2008. Nest-site selection of Wilson’s plovers (Charadrius wilsonia) in South Carolina. Thesis, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, USA.

23. Plasma metabolites and migration physiology of semipalmated sandpipers: refueling performance at five latitudes

• Lyons, J.E., J.A. Collazo, C.G. Guglielmo. 2008. Plasma metabolites and migration physiology of semipalmated sandpipers: refueling performance at five latitudes. Oecologia 155:417-427.

24. Nest success and habitat choice of Wilson’s plovers in Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center heritage preserve, South Carolina

• Zinsser, E. 2013. Nest success and habitat choice of Wilson’s plovers in Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center heritage preserve, South Carolina. Thesis, Clemson University, Clemson, USA.

25. Daily survival rate and habitat characteristics of nests of Wilson’s plover

• Zinsser, E., F.J. Sanders, P. Gerard, and P.G.R. Jodice. 2017. Daily survival rate and habitat characteristics of nests of Wilson’s plover. Southeastern Naturalist 16:149-156.

26. Winter distribution and habitat utilization of piping plovers in South Carolina

• Wilkinson, P.M. and M. Spinks. 1994. Winter distribution and habitat utilization of piping plovers in South Carolina. The Chat 58:33-37.

27. Local movements and wetland connectivity at a migratory stopover of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the southeastern United States

• Obernuefemann, K. P., J.A. Collazo, and J. E. Lyons. 2013. Local movements and wetland connectivity at a migratory stopover of semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) in the southeastern United States. Waterbirds 36:63-76.

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White-tailed Deer

1. Mortality and movements of white-tailed deer fawns on two coastal islands in South Carolina

• Epstein, M.B. 1983. Mortality and movements of white-tailed deer fawns on two coastal islands in South Carolina. Thesis, Forstburg State College, Frostburg, USA.

2. Predation on white-tailed deer fawns by bobcats, foxes, and alligators: predator assessment

• Epstein, M.B., G.A. Feldhamer, and R.L. Joyner. 1983. Predation on white-tailed deer fawns by bobcats, foxes, and alligators: predator assessment. Proceedings of the 1983 Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Asheville, NC: 37:161-172.

3. Home range and mortality of white-tailed deer fawns in coastal South Carolina

• Epstein, M.B., G.A. Feldhamer, R.L. Joyner, R.J. Hamilton, and W.G. Moore. 1985. Home range and mortality of white-tailed deer fawns in coastal South Carolina. Proceedings of the 1985 Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, Lexington, Kentucky: 39:373-379.

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Wildlife Diseases

1. Intermediate hosts of Elaeophorosis schneideri Wehr and Dikmans, 1935 on South Island, South Carolina

• Couvillion, C.E. 1984. Intermediate hosts of Elaeophorosis schneideri Wehr and Dikmans, 1935 on South Island, South Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 20:59-61.

2. Distribution of Elaeophorosis schneideri in white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States

• Couvillion, C.E., W.R. Davidson, and V.F. Nettles. 1985. Distribution of Elaeophorosis schneideri in white-tailed deer in the southeastern United States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 21:451-453.

3. Temporal occurrence of third-stage larvae of Elaeophorosis schneideri in Tabanus leneola Hinellus on South Island, South Carolina

• Couvillion, C.E., V.F. Nettles, D.C. Sheppard, R.L. Joyner, and O.M. Bannaga. 1986. Temporal occurrence of third-stage larvae of Elaeophorosis schneideri in Tabanus leneola Hinellus on South Island, South Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22:196-200.

4. Elaeophorosis in white-tailed deer: pathology of the natural disease and its relation to oral food impactions

• Couvillion, C.E., V.F. Nettles, C.A. Rawlings, and R.L. Joyner. 1986. Elaeophorosis in white-tailed deer: pathology of the natural disease and its relation to oral food impactions. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 22:214-223.

5. Prerequisites for oral immunization of free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) with recombinant rabies virus vaccine: study site ecology and bait system development

• Hable, C.P., A.N. Hamir, D.E. Snyder, R. Joyner, J. French, V. Nettles, C. Hanion, and C.E. Repprecht. 1992. Prerequisites for oral immunization of free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) with recombinant rabies virus vaccine: study site ecology and bait system development. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28:64-79.